Court Docket searches in Multnomah County OR let citizens quickly locate case numbers, party names, and upcoming hearing dates without leaving home. By entering a case number or the name of a defendant, users can view filing entries, motions, court orders, and the status of each docket item. The online portal updates several times daily, showing the latest hearing schedule, courtroom information, and any rescheduled events, helping attorneys and the public stay informed about civil, criminal, and family matters.
Multnomah County court docket records also include a searchable history of filings, judgments, and notices, making it simple to verify party details or track case progress. Whether you need a certified copy, want to confirm a hearing type, or are checking the public docket for a sealed case exception, the system offers clear navigation and quick access to both online and in‑person requests, ensuring reliable case information for lawyers, journalists, and residents alike.
How to Search the Court Docket
The Multnomah County OR court docket system lets you look at case numbers, party names, hearing times, and filing history from a single online portal. People use it to check on a criminal hearing, a civil filing, a family through the official case lookup portal to review matter, or a probate case without calling the courthouse. The Oregon Judicial Department runs the records system, and the Multnomah County Courthouse at 1200 SW 1st Ave., Portland, OR 97204 keeps the original paper files. Most searches start online and only take a few minutes if you have the right details ready.
The portal covers traffic cases, misdemeanors, felonies, small claims, landlord-tenant disputes, divorce cases, custody filings, estate records, and guardianship paperwork. You can run a search by party name or by case number. Before you start, gather a full legal name, a case number if you have one, and a rough filing date so the results narrow down quickly. Many people save the URL in their browser because the homepage is also where you find court calendars and fee schedules.
Official Search Portal: https://www.courts.oregon.gov/courts/multnomah/pages/default.aspx
Steps to Search
- Open the Multnomah County court page at the Oregon Judicial Department link and click the case search or records section from the main menu.
- Pick your search type: choose “party name” for a person or business search, or choose “case number” if you already know the number from a summons, subpoena, or prior court order.
- Enter the last name first, then the first name. If you are searching a business, type the full company name or a key word that appears on the filing. Avoid nicknames.
- Type the case number exactly as it appears on the paperwork, including any letters and dashes. A wrong digit sends you to the wrong case or returns no results.
- Set a date range if you want to narrow the results. Adding a year, like 2024 or 2025, helps when a name matches many people.
- Press the search button and read the results list. Each line shows the case number, party name, filing date, and case status.
- Click the case you want to open the docket sheet, which lists every entry in order from the original filing to the most recent motion or court order.
- Print or save the docket page if you need a copy for your records. Certified copies require a separate request through the court clerk.
Search by Party Name
A party name search works well for most people because they rarely have a case number on hand. Type the full last name followed by the first name using the standard format shown on the search form. Add a middle name or initial if you know it. For businesses, search the registered legal name as printed on court filings, not the trade name. The system checks criminal, civil, family, probate, and juvenile records using the same search field, so results can cross case types.
Search by Case Number
Case number searches return faster and more exact results because each Multnomah County case carries a unique identifier. The format usually starts with a two-letter case type code followed by the year and a sequence number, such as 24CR12345. You find the case number on a summons, a release paper, an attorney letter, or an online court notice. Type the number exactly as printed because the search will not guess missing characters or fix typos. If the system returns no match, double-check with the court clerk before assuming the case is sealed or removed.
Search by Hearing Date
Hearing date searches help people planning to attend a court session and lawyers checking daily calendars. Pick a date from the drop-down calendar tool, then narrow by court department or judge name. The Multnomah County hearing schedule lists each courtroom and the time block for each case. This view works alongside the docket and refreshes as clerks add new hearings or update times. People often combine a date search with a party name to confirm the right hearing room.
Search by Court
Each Multnomah County case lists the court department handling it. Criminal cases go to specific criminal courtrooms. Civil cases land in civil departments. Family law cases involve family courtrooms. Knowing the court helps you find the assigned judge and the correct hearing location. Use this option when you need to confirm jurisdiction or when a case spans multiple departments because of transfers.
Search by Case Type
Multnomah County tracks cases by type, such as criminal (CR), civil (CV), family (DR or FA), probate (PR), and juvenile (JU). Filtering by case type cuts down the result list when a name is common. For example, a search for “James Smith” in criminal cases only will look much different than a search across all case types. The filter also helps researchers and journalists tracking how a single person appears across the system.
Information Needed for a Docket Search
Before any search, gather the full legal name of the party, the case type, and the filing year. Without these details, the system returns long lists that are hard to review. A date of birth helps when names match many people. The court also accepts searches by attorney bar number, which appears on most filings. Keep a copy of your search results on screen or in print, because the system does not save sessions for later.
Multnomah County Court Docket Details
Every Multnomah County court docket contains the same basic fields. These fields form the core identity of the case and help anyone reading the record know who is involved, where it sits in the court system, and how far along it has moved.
Case Number
The case number is the official identifier assigned when the court accepts the first filing. Each number is unique and stays with the case from opening to closure. Multnomah County uses prefixes that signal the case type and year the case started. The same number appears on every filing, order, judgment, and notice in the docket. Lawyers and clerks use it to pull files, send notices, and schedule hearings without confusion. A small change in any digit creates a different record, so accuracy matters.
Party Names
The party section lists every person or organization tied to the case. In criminal cases, the name of the defendant appears alongside the prosecuting agency, typically the State of Oregon or a city like Portland. Civil cases show the plaintiff and the defendant. Family cases include the petitioner and the respondent. Probate cases list the decedent and the personal representative. Juvenile cases use initials or coded identifiers to protect minors. Each name appears with a role label so readers know who plays which part.
Court and Judge
Each Multnomah County case names the court department and the assigned judge at the time of the most recent entry. Judges change due to reassignment, recusal, or election results, and the docket reflects the current assignment. The court location matters because hearings, filings, and in-person records requests happen at the physical courthouse. The current judge’s name also appears on court orders, so checking the docket keeps you updated on who is handling the matter.
Case Type
Case type tells you whether a record covers a criminal, civil, family, probate, or juvenile matter. Each type carries its own rules, hearing procedures, and document standards. Criminal cases follow the Oregon Revised Statutes related to crimes and punishments. Civil cases follow rules on contracts, property, and personal injury. Family cases cover divorce, custody, and support. Probate cases involve wills and estates. Juvenile cases protect minors in delinquency and dependency matters.
Filing Date
The filing date marks when the court received the first paperwork. This date triggers deadlines, statutes of limitation, and hearing schedules. Many filings must occur within a fixed window from this date, such as response deadlines in civil cases or arraignment dates in criminal matters. The original filing date stays on the docket forever, even after subsequent filings add more entries.
Case Status
Case status shows where the matter sits today. Open cases are still moving through the system, with hearings or filings ahead. Closed cases have reached a final judgment or dismissal. Some statuses note a pending appeal, a continuance, or a transfer to another court. Multnomah County updates status each time a clerk enters a new order or hearing result. Always check the latest status before scheduling a visit or expecting a hearing to take place.
Docket Entries and Case Events
Each Multnomah County court docket is a chronological log of every action tied to the case. Reading the entries in order shows the full story of the matter, from the first filing to the latest ruling. Below are the main entry types you will see.
Filing Entries
Filing entries record every document submitted to the court, such as complaints, petitions, answers, motions, declarations, and exhibits. Each entry shows the filing date, the document title, the filing party, and any fees paid. Filings can be paper or electronic, depending on the case type and the court’s e-filing rules. The Multnomah County Circuit Court accepts electronic filings through the Oregon Judicial Department’s eFile system. A filing entry may also include a document number for easy reference in court orders.
Motions and Responses
Motion entries show requests filed by one party asking the court for a specific action. Each motion has a title that explains what is being asked, such as motion to suppress, motion for summary judgment, or motion to continue. Responses appear as separate entries when the opposing party files an answer or objection. The court may also enter a reply entry if a party is allowed to respond further. The full motion and response history helps attorneys prepare for hearings and lets the public follow how arguments develop.
Court Orders
Court orders are official instructions from a judge that move a case forward. Each order entry lists the date signed, the type of order, and a short summary. Examples include scheduling orders, protective orders, orders to compel, dismissal orders, and sentencing orders. The docket shows the order title and any associated deadlines. Some orders include signed PDF documents accessible through the online portal. Court orders stay in the docket permanently, even after a case closes.
Notices
Notices inform parties about hearings, motions, rulings, and required appearances. Notice entries typically list the notice type, the issuing party (often the court), and the date sent. Hearings, in particular, come with a notice showing the date, time, and courtroom. Notices also tell parties about deadlines, such as the date to file a response or the date to appear for jury duty. Looking at notice entries is useful when checking whether a party received proper service in a civil case.
Judgments
Judgment entries mark the court’s final decision on a specific claim or on the whole case. Civil judgments list the amount awarded, the parties responsible for payment, and any interest rate. Criminal judgments include the conviction, the sentence, fines, and probation terms. Family judgments cover custody, support amounts, and parenting time. Probate judgments appoint personal representatives and approve estate accounting. Each judgment is a permanent entry and triggers the case to move toward closure.
Other Recorded Case Events
Other recorded events include continuances, settlements, stipulations, withdrawals, defaults, and warrant issuances. A continuance entry shows when the court moves a hearing to a new date. A settlement entry marks when parties agree to resolve the matter without trial. A default entry appears when a party fails to respond. These entries fill the gaps between major filings and help anyone reading the docket understand the case timeline.
Court Hearings on the Docket
The hearing section of a Multnomah County court docket tells you when and where each court appearance will happen. You can see both future hearings and past hearings, with status updates on each.
Upcoming Hearings
Upcoming hearings appear at the bottom of the docket sheet in chronological order. Each entry shows the hearing date, time, type, and assigned courtroom. Lawyers and self-represented parties check this section before every court visit. The Multnomah County court calendar also displays upcoming hearings in a wider list, sorted by courtroom and judge. Always re-check the docket the day before a hearing because hearings get rescheduled.
Hearing Date and Time
Hearing dates and times show when the parties must appear. Hearings usually follow standard court hours, with morning blocks starting at 9:00 a.m. and afternoon blocks starting at 1:30 p.m. Each entry lists a precise time, even though courts can run late. Docket users often set alarms and reminders because missing a hearing can lead to a default, a bench warrant, or a dismissal.
Hearing Type
Hearing type labels the purpose of the appearance. Common types include arraignment, status conference, pretrial conference, motion hearing, trial, sentencing, custody hearing, and protection order hearing. Each type follows its own rules on who attends and what documents to bring. The Multnomah County court schedules hearings by type to manage judge workload and courtroom space.
Courtroom Information
Courtroom information lists the room number and the floor in the courthouse. Most Multnomah County hearings happen at 1200 SW 1st Ave., Portland, OR 97204. Court assignments may move between courtrooms, so always confirm before arriving. Some hearings, like video hearings, show a Zoom or telephone link instead of a room number. Self-represented parties should plan to arrive 15 minutes early to clear courthouse security.
Hearing Status
Hearing status indicates whether a hearing is scheduled, rescheduled, completed, canceled, or taken under advisement. This entry updates as the clerk processes the hearing results. Completed hearings show the outcome, such as “held” or “granted.” Rescheduled hearings show the new date. Canceled hearings note the reason, such as a settlement. Checking status avoids wasted trips to the courthouse.
Rescheduled Hearings
Rescheduled hearings happen when judges, attorneys, or parties need more time. Common reasons include scheduling conflicts, continuances granted by the court, and emergencies. When a hearing moves, the docket shows the new date and the reason for the change. Parties often receive a new notice with updated information. The Multnomah County court may also issue a written order explaining the continuance.
Completed Hearings
Completed hearings show the final outcome, such as the ruling, sentence, decision, or dismissal. Each completed entry connects to the related order or judgment in the docket. Lawyers review completed hearings to prepare for appeal work or to follow up on conditions like probation. The public uses this section to verify that a hearing actually took place.
Court Dockets by Case Type
Multnomah County tracks many case types through the same docket system. Each type has its own rules, paperwork, and hearings. Below is what users typically see in each major category.
Criminal Dockets
Criminal dockets cover felonies, misdemeanors, and violations prosecuted by the State of Oregon or the city of Portland. Entries include the charging document, arraignment, plea, motions, verdict, and sentencing. Criminal dockets often list the arresting agency, the booking number, and any bail conditions. Defense attorneys and prosecutors review criminal dockets daily to track hearings and deadlines.
Civil Dockets
Civil dockets cover disputes between people, businesses, or government entities. Common civil cases include personal injury, contract disputes, property damage, and landlord-tenant matters. Entries show the complaint, the answer, motions, discovery filings, and the final judgment or settlement. Civil cases can last months or years depending on complexity, and the docket helps parties track deadlines like the discovery cutoff or trial date.
Family Dockets
Family dockets cover divorce, legal separation, annulment, custody, parenting time, child support, spousal support, and protective orders. Entries include the petition, the response, financial declarations, and parenting plans. Family court hearings often involve a settlement conference or a contested hearing before a judge. The docket includes service information and any temporary orders in effect during the case.
Probate Dockets
Probate dockets handle wills, estates, guardianships, conservatorships, and trusts. Entries include the petition for probate, the will filing, appointment of the personal representative, inventory of assets, creditor notices, and the final distribution order. Probate cases can run for years when estates are complex. The docket also lists the deadlines for filing the inventory and the final account.
Juvenile Dockets
Juvenile dockets include delinquency cases, dependency cases, and termination of parental rights cases. Entries use coded identifiers to protect minors. The docket shows the petition, the adjudication, the disposition, and any review hearings. Juvenile court records are restricted, and only authorized parties can access full entries. Review hearings happen on set schedules to check on the juvenile’s progress.
Other Court Dockets
Other dockets include small claims, traffic violations, mental health commitments, adoption, paternity, and name changes. Each has its own case prefix and procedures. Small claims cases have streamlined rules and a cap on the dollar amount. Adoption cases are typically sealed after completion. The Multnomah County circuit court handles all these case types under one umbrella system.
Court Docket History
The history section of a Multnomah County court docket shows every action in time order. Reviewing the history helps you understand the full case timeline, from the first filing to the latest ruling or hearing.
Chronological Case Activity
Chronological case activity lists every docket entry with its date. Reading in order shows how the case developed, what motions came first, and when the court issued key rulings. Lawyers build case strategies from this view because it shows the entire sequence of filings. Chronological order also reveals gaps in activity, which can help identify delays or stalled cases.
Filing History
Filing history isolates the documents submitted to the court, excluding orders and notices. Each filing shows the filer, the document type, and the date filed. The filings section is useful when preparing a response or verifying that all required paperwork reached the court. Multnomah County uses electronic filing for most civil and family cases, so filing history updates within hours of submission.
Hearing History
Hearing history lists every hearing held or scheduled. Each past hearing entry shows the date, the type, and the result. Future hearing entries appear alongside past ones until the hearing is complete. Lawyers compare hearing history to the docket calendar to plan future appearances. Researchers use this view to study court activity patterns over time.
Order History
Order history focuses on signed court orders. It includes scheduling orders, protective orders, motions granted or denied, and final judgments. The order history is the legal backbone of the case because each order carries the weight of a judge’s decision. This section is often cited when appealing a case or enforcing a court ruling.
Recent Case Activity
Recent case activity highlights the latest entries. It pulls the newest filings, motions, and hearings to the top of the docket sheet so users can see changes right away. Checking this view daily helps parties stay current on filings by the opposing side. Multnomah County clerks update recent activity several times each business day.
Multnomah County Court Docket Access
Access rules for Multnomah County court dockets depend on the case type and the sensitivity of the record. Most dockets are public, but some are restricted.
Public Docket Information
Public docket information includes the case number, party names, filing dates, hearing dates, and docket entries for most non-sealed cases. Anyone with internet access can view this information through the Oregon Judicial Department portal. Public access supports transparency and lets journalists, researchers, and ordinary citizens check on court matters. Court staff can help with public docket questions at the Multnomah County Courthouse.
Online Docket Access
Online docket access runs through the Oregon Judicial Department website. Users can search by name, case number, or attorney bar number. Once they open a case, they see a full docket sheet, a list of filings, and a calendar of hearings. Some documents are viewable as PDFs. Online access is free and available 24 hours a day. The system refreshes several times daily to reflect new clerk entries.
Restricted Information
Restricted information includes sealed cases, juvenile records, mental health commitment records, and adoption records. Users cannot see these cases through through the official divorce records portal to review standard public searches. Access requires a court order or specific authorization under Oregon law. Restricted records protect privacy and sensitive information. The court may unseal a record only when a judge signs an order allowing access.
Sealed Cases and Documents
Sealed cases and documents remain hidden from public view. The court seals a case when a statute requires confidentiality or when a judge grants a motion to seal. Examples include some civil settlements, juvenile matters, and certain family law records. Even a party to a sealed case may need to request access through the clerk. Sealing does not erase the case; it only limits who can see the records.
Records Available by Request
Records available by request include certified copies, full case files, and documents not posted online. These records are held by the Multnomah County Circuit Court Records Department. Requesting them usually requires a written application, the case number, and the payment of a copy fee. Some requests are processed the same day, others take up to a week depending on volume.
Obtaining Docket Records
You can request docket records through online portals, by phone, by mail, or in person. Each method has its own processing rules and fees.
Online Requests
Online requests work for viewable records posted on the Oregon Judicial Department portal. Users can save or print the docket sheet directly. Some certified documents are available through the same portal for a fee. Online requests serve most everyday needs like confirming a hearing date or pulling a list of filings.
Court Clerk Requests
Court clerk requests cover records not posted online. You contact the Multnomah County Circuit Court Records Department by phone at 971-274-0570 or in person at 1200 SW 1st Ave., Portland, OR 97204. The clerk pulls the file, locates the document, and processes the copy. Court clerk requests are good for certified copies and older paper records.
In-Person Requests
In-person requests happen at the records counter on the courthouse’s public floor. Bring the case number, party name, and a valid photo ID. The clerk will locate the file, copy the requested documents, and collect any fees. In-person requests offer the fastest turnaround for certified copies because you wait while the clerk prepares the document.
Certified Copies
Certified copies bear the court’s seal and the clerk’s signature. They serve as legal proof of the document for use in other courts, government agencies, and private businesses. Certified copies cost more than regular copies. They are available for judgments, orders, marriage records, and other signed court documents. The clerk stamps the copy at the time of issue.
Copy Fees
Copy fees depend on the document type and the number of pages. Regular copies cost less per page than certified copies. The Oregon Judicial Department publishes an up-to-date fee schedule on its website. Payment methods include cash, check, money order, and sometimes card. Some online records carry a small electronic access fee instead of a per-page charge.
Processing Times
Processing times vary by request type. Online docket sheets are viewable instantly. Certified copies requested in person often finish the same day. Requests sent by mail or email take longer, depending on clerk workload and postal delivery. The Multnomah County Circuit Court Records Department can give an estimated turnaround when you submit a request.
Accuracy and Limitations
Docket records depend on timely clerk entries and accurate user input. Limits and delays can affect your search results.
Verifying the Correct Case
Verifying the correct case means checking the case number, the party names, and the filing date against your source paperwork. A small typo can send you to the wrong docket. Always compare the listed judge and courtroom with the documents you have. If anything looks off, contact the court clerk before relying on the record.
Matching Party Names
Matching party names can be tricky when many people share a name. Use a date of birth, an address, or a middle name to narrow the result. Confirm the spelling matches the official record. The Multnomah County search engine looks for partial matches, so review every result, not just the first one.
Recently Filed Cases
Recently filed cases may take time to appear online because clerks need to enter the data and assign a case number. New filings might be missing for a few hours or, in rare cases, a day. If you cannot find a case you just filed, check the next morning or contact the clerk. The system catches up quickly.
Delayed Docket Updates
Delayed docket updates happen when the court has a high filing volume, a system outage, or pending review. The Multnomah County court usually refreshes records several times a day, but delays can stretch into the next business day during busy periods. Always check the timestamp on the docket sheet.
Missing Entries
Missing entries may result from clerical errors or from documents not yet scanned into the system. If you know a document was filed but it does not show on the docket, contact the court clerk. The clerk can manually check the file and update the entry.
Outdated Hearing Information
Outdated hearing information can mislead people planning to attend. Hearing dates and times change due to continuances, courtroom reassignments, and judge availability. Always review the docket right before a hearing. Some cases also hold hearings through video, so check the notice entry for the latest link or phone number.
Online Docket Limitations
Online docket limitations include restricted documents, sealed cases, and historical records that are not yet digitized. Older paper-only files require an in-person visit to the courthouse. The portal also has search limits, so broad name searches can return too many results to review quickly.
Court Docket Search Problems
Even with the right details, searches sometimes fail. Below are the most common issues and how to fix them.
Case Not Found
A case not found error usually means a typo, a wrong search method, or a sealed record. Recheck the case number and the spelling of the name. Try the other search method. If the case still does not appear, contact the Multnomah County Circuit Court Records Department at 971-274-0570.
Incorrect Party Name
Incorrect party name searches happen when nicknames, aliases, or spelling variants are used. The system searches the legal name on file, so always use that version. For businesses, search the full registered name and avoid abbreviations.
Incorrect Case Number
Incorrect case number entries return no result or open the wrong case. Type the number exactly as printed, including any letters, dashes, and zero padding. Copy and paste the number from the source document when possible.
Wrong Court or Jurisdiction
Wrong court or jurisdiction searches happen when a case is filed in another Oregon county. Each county keeps its own docket. If the case is in Washington County, Clackamas County, or another jurisdiction, you must search that county’s records. Federal cases are filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon and require a separate search.
Hearing Not Listed
A hearing not listed on the docket may mean the hearing was recently canceled, the date changed, or the clerk has not yet entered it. Check the court calendar and any recent notices for updates. If you still see nothing, call the clerk to confirm.
Missing Docket Information
Missing docket information happens when entries have not been entered yet, when documents are sealed, or when the file is offline for archiving. Older case files may have limited online coverage. Request the full file from the records department.
Conflicting Case Details
Conflicting case details can show up when an order was amended, when an attorney substituted in, or when records were updated. Compare the date of each entry to determine which version applies now. Contact the court if the conflict affects a legal proceeding.
Contact Information
For questions about Multnomah County court docket searches, certified copies, restricted records, or sealed cases, contact the Multnomah County Circuit Court Records Department using the details below. Staff can explain the procedures for locating case information and submitting eligible record requests. Availability may depend on the record type, applicable court rules, and access restrictions. Visitors should verify current requirements, processing times, and any associated fees directly with the court. Certified copies and restricted documents may require additional steps or proof of eligibility.
| Contact Type | Details |
|---|---|
| Records Department Phone | 971-274-0570 |
| Courthouse Address | 1200 SW 1st Ave., Portland, OR 97204 |
| Official Search Portal | https://www.courts.oregon.gov/courts/multnomah/pages/default.aspx |
| Department | Multnomah County Circuit Court Records Department |
Frequently Asked Questions
The Multnomah County court docket lets residents view case numbers, party names, hearing dates, and filing history online. Accessing this public docket helps you track criminal, civil, family, or probate matters without visiting the courthouse. Real‑time updates reduce phone calls and keep you informed about upcoming hearings, court orders, and case status.
How can I search the Multnomah County court docket by case number?
Visit the Oregon Judicial Department portal, select “Multnomah County” and enter the case number in the search box. The system returns the docket entry list, hearing schedule, and filing history. Results appear within seconds, showing party names, case type, and next hearing date. Save the page as PDF for personal records or print directly from the browser.
Can I look up a party name in the Portland OR court docket?
Yes. On the docket search page choose “Party Name” as the filter, type the full or partial name, and click Search. The portal lists all matching cases, each with a link to view docket details, upcoming hearing times, and related motions. Use exact spelling for faster results; the system trims extra spaces automatically.
What information does the Multnomah County docket show for civil cases?
The civil docket displays the case number, plaintiff and defendant names, filing date, and a chronological list of motions, orders, and judgments. It also lists the assigned judge, courtroom, and next hearing date. You can download the full docket as a CSV file to track case progress or share with an attorney.
Why is my recent docket entry missing from the Multnomah County online docket?
Entries may lag up to 48 hours after a clerk files a document. If the entry is still absent, call the Records Department at 971‑274‑0570 and confirm the filing date. Verify the case number and party names before calling. In rare cases, a sealed record will not appear online; request a certified copy in person.
How do I find the hearing schedule for a family court case in Multnomah County?
Log in to the docket portal, select “Family Court” from the case‑type dropdown, and enter the case number or party name. The page shows upcoming hearing dates, times, and courtroom locations. Click the calendar icon to add the hearing to your personal calendar. If the schedule shows “TBD,” contact the clerk’s office for the latest update.
Is there a fee to obtain a certified copy of a Multnomah County docket entry?
Yes. Certified copies cost $2 per page plus a $1 processing fee. Request the copy online or in person at 1200 SW 1st Ave., Portland, OR 97204. Payment can be made by cash, check, or credit card. Expect a turnaround of 1‑3 business days for mailed copies.
